Deprivation as a Result of Poverty Essay

Slums in Mumbai are only a reflection of many facets of poverty. The movie Slumdog Millionaire directed by Danny Boyle is an ideal portrayal of the harsh lives of children on the wrong side of India who experience the bitterness of poverty. Despite the unjust peculiarities and sorrows created by poverty, people are still hopeful on their future and still have lust for life. Dharavi is a perfect example of slum area. Slum area is generally defined as informal and low class settlements often found in the cities. â€Å"Dharavi is a sprawling, chaotic place of precariously-built brick houses, bamboo and corrugated iron-roofed huts, milky cess pits, greasy fried food stalls and noisy, dusty workshops† with unreasonably many number of population (â€Å"Slum in Mumbai† 2009). Their illegal settlements deprived them of public services such as water sewage and medical assistance. Moreover, their massive population encourages fornication, street gangs or other forms of violence, health problems, homelessness and thus poverty. The level of poverty experienced in the Slums of Mumbai is not only manifested in the shortest of common or basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water. But poverty also deprived them of many opportunities such as the education, high paying careers and updated modernity. Children and youth under the state of poverty instead of participating in community and social services for their individual growth and learning will be forced to work at a very early age to provide for their family. Thus spiritual, emotional and intellectual growth is relatively slower compared to those youngsters expose to different learning communities/ activities. People who live in poverty often perceive themselves as hopeless individuals and unconsciously see themselves as victims of capitalism. They often have a bad impression towards government and social institutions believing that their services are unfairly distributed for the people like them. As a result, they are the one prone to rebellious activities against the government. They are often putted into a situation where they make impulsive decisions for the sake of survival that will only serve to further complicate their lives. This may include considering crime as an acceptable or justifiable alternative for physical survival. Ultimately, their value system and moral standard will be greatly affected. Poverty may cause disunity inside the family and community as a whole. Example of this is the increasing number of single mothers and separated parents because couples can’t live by love alone. Poverty may lead to encountering many mental and psychological problems because and anxieties and different levels of depression. The effects of poverty all over the world especially on slum areas show inequalities and disparities between the rich and the poor. It is not only a reflection of their own wrongdoings but also a reflection of mismanagement in governance and unequal distribution of wealth and resources. Moreover, poverty especially in Asia is also a reflection of cultural causes which exercise their life in conformity to their tradition and religion. The United Nations and various social institutions though are working hand in hand to at least lessen poverty since everybody deserves a decent life. . (2009). â€Å"Slum in Mumbai†. The Star Online. Retrieved on February 17, 2009 from http://thestar. com. my/lifestyle/story. asp? file=/2009/2/16/lifefocus/3092984&sec=lifef

Marketers Persue the Shallow Pocketed

Is the information being discussed in this article another example of colonialism? Why or why not? Identify two potential positives and two negatives direct marketing of the poor has on people and their economies. What theory of development is most applicable to the expansion of global markets to poor, low income, and indigenous communities? After reading the information in chapter 8 and the information in the article, â€Å"Marketers pursue the shallow pocketed†, it is my conclusion that the information being discussed in this article is a clear example of colonialism.As stated in the textbook, Colonialism tended to deprive a society not only of its wealth and freedom, but also of its very character, leaving the local people intellectually and morally disoriented (Fanon, 1963), this is a lot like the article which shows that marketing to the poor has become a very hot subject. Identify two potential positives and two negatives direct marketing of the poor has on people and th eir economies. One positive thing that direct marketing of the poor has on people and their economies is that the people will be able to purchase items they need and want at lower prices.Another positive aspect of direct marketing is that the economy improves as more money is being spent. One of the negative aspects of direct marketing is that products will be provided in excess however the items may be of a lower quality, and the second negative aspect is that the poor people are being encouraged to purchase unnecessarily and perhaps overindulging in things that are not necessarily needed. RESOURCES: Nowak, B. , & Laird, P. , (2010), Cultural Anthropology- 8. 2: Modern States: Industrialization and the Global World: Economy   Retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUANT101. 10. 2/sections/sec8. 2

Since the 1960s, a growing number of people have been moving away from Essay - 1

Since the 1960s, a growing number of people have been moving away from villages and small towns to big cities in both developed - Essay Example I will then discuss the effects migration has had on cities and rural areas in Britain and Ghana to highlight the similarities and differences between the problems faced in developed and developing countries. Lewis (1982) argues that migration is caused by a series of forces which encourage people to leave one place (push) and attract them to another (pull). Push factors include the decline of natural resources in rural areas. For example, the exhaustion of mines, timber and agricultural resources can result in fewer jobs available in rural areas, causing poverty, which forces people to move to urban areas in the hope of finding work. Parnwell (1993) also cites high rural population growth as a reason for rural-urban migration. This is because it results in a surplus of labour in rural areas, forcing people to move to urban areas to find jobs. Environmental degradation of rural areas (e.g. over-grazing and draught) can also force people to migrate due to food shortages. Religious str ife, political persecution, escaping from oppression and war also contribute to rural-urban migration Bogue (1959) also highlights that people leave rural areas due to the lack of basic infrastructure (electricity and water supplies) and services (public transport, hospitals and schools). Parnwell (1993) highlights a series of ‘pull factors’ that encourage people to move to cities, including migrant’s belief that superior opportunities for employment in manufacturing, construction, commerce and the service industry can be found in urban areas. Many people also move to cities to join kin already living and working there. However, Parnwell (1993) notes that despite migrants believing that urban areas offer an escape from poverty and better employment opportunities, the reality can be quite different, and unemployment and hardship are quite common it cities. Other people may move to urban areas because they may offer better career opportunities and higher wages. Bet ter welfare facilities such as education, increased access to doctors and health care, raised standards of living and better housing have also contributed to a growth in urban environments. Valentine (1995) also believes people move to urban areas for their ‘freedom of expression and liberation’, e.g. urban areas allow people to express themselves in ways not possible in rural areas, e.g. creation of gay and lesbian districts. However, Parnwell (1993) notes that cities can also provide a danger and intimidating environment for others, e.g. fear of crime. ‘Modern urbanization in developing countries is unlike earlier growth of towns and cities in developed countries’ (Kemp, 2004: 123). In Ghana urbanization is not driven by industrialization, but by natural growth and migration from rural areas. Ghana’s current population stands at 24.8 million (CIA, 2010), in which 51% of Ghanaians live in urban areas. Every year the urban population grows by 3.4%. A developed country such as Britain on the other hand has 80% of it’s population already living in urban environments, with a much slower urban growth rate of 0.7% per year (CIA, 2011). Jackson et al (1996) claim that the process of urbanisation in developing countries such as Ghana tends to be less controlled than in developed coun

Annotation of articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Annotation of articles - Essay Example In fact, The Boston Globe is among the top ten newspaper websites in America. This undoubtedly shows that it is a trusted source of information. The fact that it has been done by an experienced movie critic, Burr, who is definitely aware of what to put in and what not to makes it even more reassuring. It is definitely an official review. Reflections of War by Stanley Kauffmann. Kauffmann, Stanley. â€Å"Reflections of War.† New Republic. 236.10/11 (3/5/2007). Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 September 2012. In his review, Kauffman starts by giving a description of the place covered in the movie, Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams. In fact, it is clear that he understands the plot. He is also very well informed since he even offers an account that the writer-director of the film lives right across the place. He also offers a succinct description of the characters depicted and the events that take place. Kauffman also offers an account of the movie Close to Home, which is a legal dr ama showcasing the existence of crime in the streets. Here, Kauffman also offers a clear account of who is involved and what happens. Being a movie critic, this does not go without an opinion from his perspective. Kauffman himself is an experienced film and theatre critic as well as a talented author and editor. The New Republic on the other hand is a genuine source. In fact, the magazine has been around since 1914. The magazine itself is very informative in the disciplines of arts and politics. Post War: Sarajevo conflict was hell, but what comes after is another battle by Ella Taylor. Taylor, Ella. â€Å"Sarajevo conflict was hell, but what comes after is another battle.† Villagevoice.com. Feb 6, 2007. Web. 6 September 2012. Taylors review begins with a reflection of what is happening today in war torn countries as well as what has been there in the past. She also gives an account of the effects of past wars in various countries. Despite being less graphic, Taylor describes the movie Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams as being one that brings back sad memories of the war which is another emotional battle. The review particularly highlights the plight of women, and especially single mothers who have to carry heavy burdens of being sole providers, in a male dominated society. Ella Taylor is an experienced movie critic and holds vast experience writing for various media companies in America. Villagevoice media on the other hand is an informative and genuine features and news website. The source of information is therefore legitimate. This information is very helpful in understanding the aftereffects of wars and genocides. The conflict in Sarajevo clearly shows what goes on in the lives of war victims physically, emotionally and psychologically. It is clear that although the war has ended, every victim still continues to struggle with memories and emotions arising from past events. Looking to the Future, Living with the past by Stephen Holden Holden, Stephen . â€Å"Looking to the Future, Living with the past.† nytimes.com. February 16, 2007. Web. 6 September 2012. Life after war is always haunted by memories and bitterness from the past. In his review, Holden clearly highlights this. Even when the war remains in the past, victims inevitably carry it with them. Memories of what happened cannot be rubbed from their minds and every time they come back with a

Anonymity and Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Anonymity and Networks - Essay Example Though anonymity is a desirable security feature, it has certain disadvantages. Anonymity can be achieved through various security protocols like Single Socket Layer (SSL) protocol, Secure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (SHTTP) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol among others. Security protocols allow the establishment of secure channels across two communicating parties that are linked through an insecure network. Though the various protocols have many similarities, each of the security protocols has inherent strengths, weaknesses and vulnerabilities. While encryption offers some anonymity, there are certain limitations. The major challenge is the possibility of eavesdropping by local ISP or a local system administrator. The internet security protocols allow transfer of some networking information like the traffic flow route and the source-destination pair which is revealed through traffic analysis. Traffic analysis allows transmission of times data packets. The challenges asso ciated with internet security protocols can be overcome by utilizing authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocols which provide a random-shared key that can be used to uphold confidentiality and anonymity and have less vulnerabilities. ... .13 Section VI: Proposed solutions to the challenges of internet security protocols†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 Introduction In the wake of increasing dominance of internet as the preferred mode of communication, there has been a lot of interest on the use of anonymity as a means of ensuring user privacy and security. The unprotected nature of internet networks makes them vulnerable for eavesdropping by unauthorized persons. Though anonymity can exist without the internet, the increase in internet us age has made it easier for distribution of anonymous messages. The free information flow facilitated by increased internet communication poses potential security risks to individuals, businesses and government departments as well as the entire nation. As a result, various software and hardware security features have been suggested to address the issue of anonymity. This paper examines the issue of anonymity during internet use with focus on why, how, what and when anonymity should be exercised. The paper critically examines different security protocols involved in anonymity on the internet with regard to the hardware and software components involved. Additionally, the potential problems arising from anonymity and the possible solutions shall also be addressed. Section I: Anonymity in the context of internet communication: what does it imply? One of the major concerns in internet use is the extent to which their privacy shall be

Human Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Biology - Essay Example Fixation therefore preserves protoplasm, prevents autolytic changes and bacterial growth (Pawley, 2006, p. 370). After this, tissue sample should undergo dehydration, clearing and embedding. These processes ensure tissue sample is dehydrated or cleared from fixated agents and solidified to provide strong support to tissue blocks to make cutting in thin sections possible (Pawley, 2006, p.370). In bright field light microscopy staining for routine histological examination of tissue sections enhances natural contrast making tissues or cells more visible. Haematoxylin reacts with basophilic components of cells producing bluish tint to dark blue stain, Eosin stains pinkish colour to pink of acidophilic components of cells (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008, p.126). This is a cardiac muscle tissue. Its fibers are joined by intercalated discs, thick plasma membranes, shown as horizontal lines in the picture (DuPree and DuPree, 2007, p.53). The single central nucleus is also visible. This is a central nervous system, particularly a spinal cord formed by nervous tissue. Neurons and neuroglia are remarkable in this image showing the interconnecting cells and their supports (Chiras, 2011, p.78). This is a neuron which contains nucleus in its cell body that is responsible for synthesizing proteins and membranes while the axon conducts electrical impulse while the dendrites collect information (Hollenbeck and Bamburg, 2003). Satellite cells are situated in dorsal root ganglia somewhere in either side of the spinal cord and they enclosed cell bodies containing sensory neurons that are found inside the ganglia (Tiidus, 2008, p.77). Ordinary staining technique could not enhance visibility of the collagen fibres of hyaline cartilage (Amitrano and Tortora, 2012, p.65). Protoplasm and nuclei under intranuclear network are found in this specimen. Giemsa method of

Strategic Marketing Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Strategic Marketing Managment - Essay Example Reebok began as an athletic shoe brand for the women’s aerobics segment because it had substantive consumer insights about the women segment. However, Reebok then changed its positioning strategy and it is now positioned as a lifestyle shoe demanded by several youth markets. The most important reason behind this change in positioning strategy was the marketing research that enabled Reebok to identify and analyse the scope of targeting new groups. Reebok managers had understood that a strong gap exists in the market of teenagers and young adults (youths), where there has been a never-ending demand of lifestyle footwear, apparel and accessories. For instance, Reebok marketers were also aware of the fact that their customers have inclination towards fitness and training, which could be met if they are offered premium quality fitness shoe brands and other supporting products. In this way, Reebok initiated a business expansion plan and launched its new positioning campaign to creat e awareness about company’s expanded product portfolio among Reebok‘s women, men and classics segments. In this way, Reebok enhanced its growth in the United States, North American and Europe markets. Distribution channel members (especially retailers) also played their vital role in positioning of Reebok’s products in the minds of end-users. ... In other words, a market could be divided into segments comprising customers with differences in ages, lifestyle, attitudes, behaviours, norms, standards, desires, income, education, marital status, religion, language, customs and traditions etc. Segmentation is an inevitable part of marketing strategy because it directly impacts marketing mix planning. Reebok has divided its market into 3 core segments that include Reebok men’s, women’s and classics. The sub-segments include Young adults (age 14 – 24 years), adults (age 25 – 40 years), middle-aged (age 40 – 55 years) and seniors (age 56 years and above). In addition, the customers are also divided into middle – middle, upper – middle and elite social classes to increase market reach and sales revenue. Indeed, the shoe-maker which has now become a part of Adidas group targets initially targeted women by coming up with a comprehensive idea of ‘women’s fitness with funâ€⠄¢ to enhance its credibility among women customers. The group reinforced its ideas regarding women’s fitness during 2009 and 2010 when it launched EasyTone, RunTone and TrainTone collections followed by launch of new women’s programmes and partnerships. The second core segment is known as Reebok’s men and the marketers target male customers. The company has established cordial ties with â€Å" world’s top athletes, professional leagues and teamsâ€Å" because these are opinion leaders and they facilitates in brand positioning and building consumer mindsets. This segment has immense potential because of natural inclination of a large majority of males in outdoor sports, athletic ventures, sporting and fitness activities. ReeZig and