Healer and Healing: a Study on Khasi Health Care System Essay

This is contingently in our societies where matchless wellness check strategy along cannot adequately exposefit the wellness needs of the entire population. In the present time nigh of the bulk live in a wellness checkly plural club. So their wellness desire behavior is an important side of compassionate being. Through gathering information, to find out the autochthonal medical association of Khasis and to ask the ready(prenominal) wellness cargon options, taste their perception most alternatives in wellness burster clay, explore the health want behavior of Khasi deal. Health and c be, spirit up and practices disagree according different cultures.Cultural belief and practices strongly solve messs health. Health problem often fited as heathen phenomena. The term meliorate actor a variety of complex and e trulyplacelap cut acrossment systems. Various medical anthropologists created typologies that blot the phenomenon of medical pluralism in co mplex societies. undercoat upon their geographic and ethnic settings Kleinman suggested that, in spirit at any complex rules of order, cardinal can identify there over lapping and inter connected heavenss of health cargon, the hot sector the folk sector and the captain sector (Helman, 2000).In our outlandish Khasi is an excluded community. They argon in any case well cognise ethnic community in this geographic range. They remove a different cultural believes and practices. They are different in their emotional state style with the Bengali. They have a indigenous medical knowledge. The healer of their community is know as Bonagi. The physician practices their knowledge insider of their community. unless now a days people of the Khasi community similarly wage service of allopathic, Homeopathic and Ayurvedic etc of different health problems.Statement of the problem In two developed and developing countries, the standard of health services public expected was not b eing provided. The service does not finish off the whole population. The health service favour only the countenance few and urban dwellers. The ethnic communities have been detached from the mainstream of the health and health armorial bearing sectors including the public health care also. In Bangladesh there are 31 ethnic communities are vivacious and khasis are one of them is totally beyond the look intoers and the policy makers.The ethnic community is animate in Sylhet division since several centuries, only anthropological withdraw yet has not been channelizeed the health and health care. The impacts of climate qualifying and global warming, various peculiar and strange complex disorders are arisen. So it is very important to know how khasi people treat their different complaints. Objectives of the study The broad objectives of my study w laid low(predicate) be to investigate the available health care option of Khasi people and it means to find out the indigenous me dical knowledge of Khasis. Specific objectivesThe specialised objectives of my look for to know a) Explore the health seeking behavior of the local anesthetic people. b) sagaciousness their perceptions close alternatives in health care system c) Understand their perception about new epidemic diseases which is revealed in this century. limited review of Literature For better spirit of the conceptual issues of the research, review of literature is needed. Few health related books have reviewed for this research by and by which described in below Anita hardon (1992) has written Applied health research manual(a) Anthropology of health and health care.The Authors root assumption is that homosexual soundbox is more than just a physical existence alone have a cultural mind which influence peoples health. As the formulation of them, disease is the commentary of a health problem by a medical expert, ailment refers to the visualise of the problem by patient and affection is the complaisant role attached to a health problem by the ordering at large. The general framework of Anthropological approach Structural Functionalism could view infirmity is a dysfunction of the body and health care contributes to the maintenance of society as a whole by repairing the depressed individual .In the bionomical theoretical account health is regarded as the final result of productive conformation to environs and disease the publication of the failure to adopt. The Marxist political parsimony model viewed health and quality of health care are largely determine by mixer competition surrounded by groups of people (classes) and the unequal distribution of infrequent resources. A exemplary point of view the described approach should be seen as complementary but critical Anthropology which has interconnected the politico-economic and symbolic views and tries to connect macro and micro level insights in social actiones. illness is presented as the embodimen t of Societys most basic problems and conflicts. The touristy sector comprises the lay, non- maestro globe where illness is starting signal recognised and treated. Self-care is an example . The folk sector consists of local healers such as herbalists, bone up-setters, spiritual healers diviners and traditionalistic birth attendants. The professional sector is the domain of medical specialists who enjoy a privileged position in the sense that they are legitimately protected and control memberships, knowledge and quality of medical practice by means of formally recognized professionalization.Authors pull ahead draw out other categorisation of health system, public/formal medicament is offered by the state and is any tinny or free, Private/informal euphony tends to be the domain of non-government organization or private entrepreneurs. A health system is an integral part of the wider culture and society in which it is found, they explicitly argued for the mutual find outin g of traditional and modern medicament and applaud for each other.Thomas M. Johnson and Carolynt Sargent (1990) has written, Medical Anthropology A hand book of theory and system Thomas J.Csordas and Arther Kleinman tend to emphasize the symbolic and non symbolic aspects of ameliorate. The idea of therapeutic edge is analogous to the idea of ritual process and categorization of it, the first formulation the discourseal essence has been described as the process which is understand as the ecological succession of actions, Phases or stages undergone by the participants, on the other hand, process indoors therapeutic events is constituted by elements of vocal interaction and inter someoneal relationship amongst therapist and client.The second conceptualization of existential process with a focus the sequence of mental states, the emergence of insight, interpretation of ghostlike experience, and endogenous symbolic or incarnate process, Third sense-that of progression or char ge of an illness episode, defined by a sequence of decision leading to diagnosis and treatment. The final sense-social and ideological control exercised by with(predicate) healing practice that may demand political that is the sense in which therapy and healing articulate with broader social issues and concerns.Francis x. Grolling S. J and Harold B . Hale (1976) has written Medical Anthropology The first formulation assumed that most cultures have kind of expertise or specialists who treats illness and disease might be identify as Shaman or hag doctor, And the societys basic bearing is that if he can cure disease then he can causes disease, once more if the Shaman has the power to retrieve the spirit, it is instead reasonable to consider that he would also have the power to destroy a person by talking the spirit a musical mode.From views of African native doctor, disease is an out-of-door force which enters a human body in a specific way and interferes with the normal bodily functions, which can be classified into two classes role of inspirit of dead ancestors, sickness in human body has an organic basis. In due north African Yanoama group perform utilise shamanism and protection from evil strong drink etc and other Shamanistic by shaman with help of their subjected assistant spirit, hekula. The feature of Shamanism is the chanting by which Shaman calls hekula to his back up Snuffing is used during this period.In Peru, Coca is locally used medical practice for development various diseases. But with European interjection it became used widely as a medical element to create various medicines. Within institutionalized framework. Turner, in discussing Ndembu medicine sees the dual aspects i. e. natural and social aspects of medicine. current Ndembu medicine cures are private and take away only herbalists while other disease involve mystical causes and therapy becomes a proposition of selling up the branches in social relationships simultaneously with ridding the patient of his pathological symptoms.The social of nature of the cure is reflected in the event that the patient is integrated isolated at several levels of the social structure during the cure. conjectural Frame Work In the research medical ecological theory has applied, which is coined by McElory and Townsed (19854). Herden, A et. All (190317-18) states also that human adaptation to environment. Cultural phenomena are seen first and foremost as human solutions to problems comprise by natural environment.By masking culture as a keep adaptation to both nature and culture, McElory and Townsed seen that medical ecology considers health to be a measure of how well population adapt to its environment. Social, biologic and environment factors interact and influence health. Fabreg states that medical ecology is holistic, that is it deals with the entire system of factors that affect health (cited in McElory and Townsed P. 6). A key idea of medical ecological approa ch in that health is a measure of environmental adaptation and health can be studied through ecological model.Among the Khasis, this model has been applied to probe the health and health care. McElory and Townsed states (1 bid 14) the environment can be broken crush into trine part the physical on abiotic environment the biotic environment and the cultural environment no doubt these move of models are inter linked as well as inter related. bionomical approach indicated the diseases as a result of several causes in the studied community. And it has shown that health and diseases are part of a physical, biological and cultural subsystem that continuously affects one another.conceptual issuesThree sectors model In the research Kleinman model has applied, He states that, in feeling at any complex society one can identity three overlapping and inter-connected sector of healthcare the popular sector, the folk sector and the professional sector. The popular sector This is the lay, NO N-Professional, NON-Specialist domain of society, where ill-health is first recognized and defined and health care activities are limited. It includes all the therapeutic option that people utilize without any payment and without consulting either folk healer or medical practitioners.Among these options are self treatment or self medication advice or treatment given by a congress friend neighbor or workmate, healing and mutual care activities in a church, cult or self-help group or consultation with another lay person who has special experience of a particular disorder. In this sector the main area of health care is the family. Most ill health is recognized and then treated. It has been estimated that about 70-90 present.The popular sector usually includes a et of beliefs about health is also hold by the use of charms, amulets and religious medallion to including unexpected illness and to attract well luck and goods health. Most health care in this sector place amongst people a lready linked to one another by ties of kinship, friendship propinquity or membership of work or religious organization. The folk sector In this sector which is oddly large in non western societies, certain individuals specialize in forms of healing which are either taboo of secular or a sort of the two.These healers are not part of the formalised medical system and occupy an mediate position between the popular and professional sectors. There is a wide variability in the types of folk healer found in any society from strictly secular and technical experts like bone setters, midwifes, tooth extractors of herbalists, to spiritual leathers from a he erogenous group with much individual translation in style and outlook but sometimes they are organized into associations of healers, with rules of entry, codes of conduct and the sharing of information.. The professional sectorThis comprises the organized, legally sanctioned healing professions, such as modern western scientific, medicine, also cognise as allopathic or biomedicine. It includes not only physicians of various types and specialties but also the recognized Para- medical professions. In most countries, scientific medicine is the basis of the professional sector. It is important to realize that western scientific medicine provides only a humiliated proportion of health care in most countries of the world. In most countries especially in the western world the practitioners of scientific medicine from the only group of healers whose positions are upheld by law.